Saúde mental e abortamento voluntário na audiência pública da ADPF442/STF / Mental health and voluntary abortion in the public hearing of ADPF442/STF / Salud mental y aborto voluntario en la audiencia pública del ADPF442/STF

O estudo teve como objetivo identificar os argumentos da estratégia de persuasão dos discursos apresentados na audiência pública sobre a Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental-ADPF 442, realizada em 2018, cujo propósito era discutir sobre a interrupção voluntária da gravidez até a 12ª semana. Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, analítico-descritiva e documental. O objeto de análise foi o registro da audiência, apresentado em vídeo, disponibilizado na plataforma digital YouTube, e em ata lavrada pelo STF, ambos de acesso público. A partir de uma análise do discurso, identificou-se os argumentos utilizados na estratégia de persuasão, que foram sistematizados em quatro categorias de argumentos para cada um dos dois grupos identificados: o grupo pró e o grupo contra a descriminalização do aborto. As três primeiras categorias, Saúde mental, Direito e Saúde pública, mesmo com diferenças na forma de apresentar o argumento, se repetem nos dois grupos. Todavia, a quarta categoria, Pressupostos, se diferenciou. No grupo pró descriminalização do aborto, apresentou-se como Pressupostos filosóficos e científicos, e no grupo contra, como Pressupostos morais. Por fim, a defesa da saúde mental das mulheres foi o principal argumento numa forma de humanizar o sofrimento vivido pelas que desejam abortar e não encontram o suporte do Estado para assegurar sua dignidade, cidadania e efetiva igualdade, garantidas constitucionalmente.(AU)

The study aimed to identify the arguments of the persuasion strategy of the speeches presented at the public hearing on the Action Against the Violation of Constitutional Fundamental Rights -ADPF 442, held in 2018, whose purpose was to discuss the voluntary interruption of pregnancy until the 12th week. To this end, a qualitative, analytical-descriptive, and documentary research was carried out. The object of analysis was the video recording of the hearing available on the YouTube platform, and in minutes drawn up by the STF, both of which are public. Based on a discourse analysis, the arguments used in the persuasion strategy were identified, which were systematized into four categories of arguments for each of the two identified groups: the group for and the group against the decriminalization of abortion. The first three categories, Mental Health, Law and Public Health, even with differences in the way of presenting the argument, are repeated in both groups. However, the fourth category, Assumptions, differed. In the group for the decriminalization of abortion, it was presented as Philosophical and Scientific Assumptions, whereas the group against, as Moral Assumptions. Finally, the defense of women's mental health was the main argument in a way of humanizing the suffering experienced by those who wish to have an abortion and do not find the support of the State to guarantee their dignity, citizenship, and effective equality, constitutionally guaranteed.(AU)

El estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los argumentos de la estrategia de persuasión de los discursos presentados en la audiencia pública sobre el Argumento por Incumplimiento de un Percepto Fundamental -ADPF 442, realizada en 2018, con el objetivo de discutir la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo hasta la 12.ª semana. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una investigación cualitativa, analítico-descriptiva y documental. El objeto de análisis fue la grabación de la audiencia, que está disponible en la plataforma digital YouTube, y actas levantadas por el Supremo Tribunal Federal -STF, ambas de acceso público. A partir de un análisis del discurso se identificaron los argumentos utilizados en la estrategia de persuasión, los cuales se sistematizaron en cuatro categorías de argumentos para cada uno de los dos grupos identificados: el grupo pro y el grupo en contra de la despenalización del aborto. Las tres primeras categorías ("salud mental", "derecho" y "salud pública") aún con diferencias en la forma de presentar el argumento se repiten en ambos grupos. Pero difiere la cuarta categoría "supuestos". En el grupo a favor de la despenalización del aborto se presentó como "supuestos filosóficos y científicos", y en el grupo en contra, como "supuestos morales". Finalmente, la defensa de la salud mental de las mujeres fue el principal argumento en un intento por humanizar el sufrimiento que viven aquellas que desean abortar y no encuentran el apoyo del Estado para garantizar su dignidad, ciudadanía e igualdad efectiva, preconizadas por la Constitución.(AU)

Nas vias de interromper ou não a gestação: vivências de gestantes de fetos com anencefalia / On the way to interrupting the gestation or not: experiences of pregnant women with anencephalic fetuses

Resumo A anencefalia é uma malformação caracterizada pela ausência total ou parcial do encéfalo e o Brasil é o quarto colocado em número de nascimentos de fetos anencéfalos no mundo. Existe associação entre anencefalia fetal e maior número de complicações maternas. A partir de 2012 a mulher com gestação de anencéfalo poderá manter ou interromper a gestação, se assim o desejar, sem necessidade de autorização judicial. Objetivos: compreender as vivências das mulheres de fetos com anencefalia e identificar os fatores determinantes para a escolha de interromper ou não interromper a gestação. Estudo qualitativo e método das narrativas de vida, com 12 mulheres, maiores de 18 anos e com diagnóstico de feto anencéfalo, que realizaram a interrupção da gestação ou o parto em uma maternidade pública do Rio de Janeiro. A coleta dos dados foi entre junho e novembro de 2016 e encerrada quando os padrões narrativos alcançaram a saturação progressiva, a partir das recorrências. Os enunciados emergidos após leitura flutuante e aprofundada foram articulados em Núcleos Narrativos e realizada análise comparativa e compreensiva dos dados. Os relatos trouxeram à tona as vivências intensas dessas mulheres, como também as fragilidades existentes em relação ao cuidado e a problemática da interrupção da gestação.

Abstract Anencephaly is a malformation characterized by the total or partial absence of the brain, and Brazil records the fourth largest number of births of anencephalic fetuses in the world. Fetal anencephaly is associated with a more significant number of maternal complications. As of 2012, women with anencephalic gestation were empowered with the right to carry the pregnancy to term or terminate it, if they so desired, without any judicial authorization. Objectives: to understand the experiences of women with fetal anencephaly and to identify the determinant factors for interrupting the gestation or not. This is a qualitative study using the Life Narratives method with 12 women over 18 years old diagnosed with an anencephalic fetus, who interrupted gestation or delivery in a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Data were collected between June and November 2016, and the process was finalized when the narrative patterns reached progressive saturation from the recurrences. The statements that emerged following floating and in-depth reading were articulated in Narrative Nuclei, and data comparative and comprehensive analysis was performed. The reports brought to light the intense experiences of these women, as well as the weaknesses existing concerning care and the pregnancy termination issue.

Conflitos de interesses e autonomia na relação entre adolescente grávida e o responsável legal: a antecipação terapêutica na gestação de feto anencefálico / Conflicts of interest and autonomy in the relationship between pregnant adolescent and legal guardian: the therapeutic anticipation in anencephalic fetus

Objetivo: evidenciar o conflito normativo sobre a capacidade da adolescente grávida de feto anencefálico e o não respeito a sua capacidade autônoma na tomada de decisões. Metodologia:foi utilizada análise documental, revisão bibliográfica e legislativa. A população estudada pertence à faixa etária compreendida entre 12 anos e 17 anos, por ser definida no Código Civil Brasileiro, respectivamente, como fases de incapacidade absoluta e capacidade parcial para atos da vida civil. Resultados: necessidade da construção de propostas de ação que garantam capacidade autônoma às adolescentes sobre o exercício do seu direito à privacidade e à saúde. (AU)

Objetivo: evidenciar el conflicto normativo sobre la capacidad de la adolescente embarazada de feto anencefálico y el no respeto a su capacidad autónoma en la toma de decisiones. Metodología: se utilizó análisis documental, con realización revisión bibliográfica y legislativa. La población estudiada pertence a la franja etaria comprendida entre 12 años y 17 años, por ser definida en el Código Civil Brasileño respectivamente como: fases de incapacidad absoluta y capacidad parcial para actos de la vida civil. Resultados: necesidad de la construcción de propuestas de acción que garantan la capacidad autónoma de las adolescentes sobre el ejercicio de su derecho a la privacidad ya la salud. (AU)

Objective: highlight the normative conflict about the capacity of pregnant adolescent anencephalic fetus and the lack of respect for their autonomous capacity in decision making. Methodology: documentary analysis with bibliographical and legislative revision. The population studied belongs to the age range between 12 years and 17 years, since it is defined in the Brazilian Civil Code respectively as: phases of absolute incapacity and partial capacity for acts of civil life. Results: need to construct proposals for action that guarantee the adolescentes their autonomous capacity on the exercise of their right to privacy and health. (AU)

Prenatal diagnosis of a case with 46,XX,del(4),dup(21) / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the genetic cause and prognosis of a fetus with a rare karyotype.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used for verifying a structural chromosomal abnormality detected by conventional karyotyping analysis. Whole genome DNA microarray was used to analyze copy number variations carried by the fetus.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The fetus was found to have a 46,XX,dup(21)(?q21q22) karyotype, which was verified by FISH analysis as repetition of chromosome 21 region, namely nuc ish 21q22×3. Whole genome DNA microarray confirmed that there was a 17.87 Mb duplication in the 21q21.3q22.3 region, which involved GATA1, JAK2 and ALL genes and spanned the Down syndrome region. The genes are implicated in craniofacial abnormalities, cardiac abnormalities, mental retardation, growth retardation, limb abnormalities. In addition, there was also an 8.43 Mb deletion in the 4p16.1p16.3 region, which involved FGFR3, LETM1, WHSC1 and WHSC2 and other 64 OMIM genes and spanned the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome region. The genes are implicated in growth retardation, craniofacial abnormalities, cardiac abnormalities, mental retardation, and hypotonia. After consultation, the family chose to terminate the pregnancy at 25th week of gestation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>FISH can help to verify structural chromosome abnormalities suspected by conventional karyotyping analysis. Combined with whole genome microarray, these can determine copy number variation and its region containing the disease genes, and facilitate clinical analysis of the fetus.</p>

Consenso de la Rama de Genética de la Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría sobre las anomalías congénitas de mal pronóstico vital (ACMPV): Genetics Consensus Committee / Congenital anomalies of poor prognosis

Introducción: La rama de genética de la Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría, en relación con el proyecto de ley que regula la despenalización de la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo en 3 causales, centrándose en la segunda causal que considera al «embrión o feto que padezca una alteración estructural congénita o genética incompatible con la vida extrauterina¼, se reunió para discutir conforme a la evidencia científica qué anomalías congénitas (AC) podrían ser incluidas en el proyecto de ley. Metodología: Los expertos en genética clínica se centraron en 10 AC. Se efectuó revisión bibliográfica y una reunión extraordinaria para discutirla. Resultados: Se acordó no emplear el término «incompatible con la vida extrauterina¼, pues existen excepciones de sobrevidas más prolongadas y cambiar por «anomalía congénita de mal pronóstico vital (ACMPV)¼. Se evaluaron 10 AC: defectos graves de cierre del tubo neural: anencefalia, iniencefalia y craneorraquisquisis, hipoplasia pulmonar, feto acardio, ectopia cordis, triploidía no mosaico, complejo limb body wall, anomalía body stalk, trisomía 13, trisomía 18 y agenesia renal bilateral. Se analizaron los hallazgos sobre prevalencia, historia natural, métodos diagnósticos prenatales, sobrevida, casos descritos de sobrevida prolongada. Para catalogarlas como ACMPV se consideraron: sobrevida posnatal, existencia de tratamientos y evolución posterior e historia natural sin intervenciones. Conclusión: Las ACMPV incluidas serían: anencefalia, hipoplasia pulmonar severa, feto acardio, ectopia cordis cervical, triploidía no mosaico, complejo limb body wall, anomalía body stalk, trisomía 13 no mosaico, trisomía 18 no mosaico y agenesia renal bilateral. Se requiere para el diagnóstico que toda mujer gestante tenga acceso a evaluaciones ecográficas de anatomía fetal, y en ocasiones a resonancia magnética y estudios citogenéticos y moleculares.

Introduction: The Genetic Branch of the Chilean Society of Paediatrics, given the draft Law governing the decriminalisation of abortion on three grounds, focusing on the second ground, which considers the "embryo or foetus suffering from a congenital structural anomaly or a genetic disorder incompatible with life outside the womb", met to discuss the scientific evidence according to which congenital anomalies (CA) may be included in this draft law. Methodology: Experts in clinical genetics focused on 10 CA, reviewed the literature evidence, and met to discuss it. Results: It was agreed not to use the term "incompatible with life outside the womb", as there are exceptions and longer survivals, and change to "congenital anomaly of poor prognosis (CAPP)". Ten CA were evaluated: serious defects of neural tube closure: anencephaly, iniencephaly and craniorachischisis, pulmonary hypoplasia, acardiac foetus, ectopia cordis, non-mosaic triploidy, "limb body wall" complex, "body stalk" anomaly, trisomy 13, trisomy 18, and bilateral renal agenesis. Findings on the prevalence, natural history, prenatal diagnostic methods, survival, and reported cases of prolonged survival were analysed. Post-natal survival, existence of treatments, and outcomes, as well as natural history without intervention, were taken into account in classifying a CA as a CAPP. Conclusion: A CAPP would be: anencephaly, severe pulmonary hypoplasia, acardiac foetus, cervical ectopia cordis, non-mosaic triploidy, limb body wall complex, body stalk anomaly, non-mosaic trisomy 13, non-mosaic trisomy 18, and bilateral renal agenesis. For their diagnosis, it is required that all pregnant women have access to assessments by foetal anatomy ultrasound and occasionally MRI, and cytogenetic and molecular testing.

Analysis of CGG repeat instability in germline cells from two male fetuses affected with fragile X syndrome / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the pattern of CGG repeat instability within germline cells derived from two male fetuses affected with Fragile X syndrome (FXS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The length and methylation status of CGG repeats within the testes of a fetus carrying a full FXS mutation and another fetus carrying mosaicism FXS mutation were analyzed with Southern blotting and AmplideX FMR1 PCR. Immunohistochemistry was also applied for the measurement of FMR1 protein (FMRP) expression within the testes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For the fetus carrying the full mutation, Southern blotting analysis of the PCR product has detected an expected band representing the full mutation in its brain and a premutation band of > 160 CGG repeats in its testis. Whereas the pattern of premutation/full mutation in mosaic testis was similar to that in peripheral blood and no sign of contracted fragment was found other than a band of about 160 CGG repeats. Immunohistochemistry assay with a FMRP-specific antibody demonstrated a number of FMRP-positive germ cells, which suggested a contraction from full mutation to premutation alleles.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study has clarified the instability pattern of CGG repeat and expression of FMRP protein within the testes of fetuses affected with FXS, confirming that the CGG repeat can contract progressively within the germline. The FMRP expression in the testis is consistent with spermatogonium proliferation, and thus the contraction from full mutation to unmethylated premutations may occur for the requirement of FMRP expression during spermatogenesis. The better understanding of FMRP function during germ cell proliferation may elucidate the mechanism underlying the contraction of full FXS mutation in male germline.</p>

Analysis of PKHD1 gene mutation in a family affected with infantile polycystic kidney disease / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze PKHD1 gene mutation in a family affected with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral and cord blood samples obtained from the parents and the fetus. Potential mutations were identified using targeted exome sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Pathogenicity of the mutation was analyzed using PolyPhen-2 and SIFT software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compound heterozygous mutations of c.11314C>T (p.Arg3772*) and a novel missense c.889T>A (p.Cys297Ser) of the PKHD1 gene were identified in the fetus. The mother was found to have carried the c.11314C>T mutation, while the father was found to have carried the c.889T>A mutation. PolyPhen-2 and SIFT predicted that the c.889T>A mutation is probably damaging.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A novel mutation in PKHD1 gene was detected in our ARPKD family. Compound heterozygous PKHD1 mutations were elucidated to be the molecular basis for the fetus affected with ARPKD, which has facilitated genetic counseling and implement of prenatal diagnosis for the family.</p>

Genetic and prenatal diagnosis of a pregnant women with mental retardation / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To conduct genetic testing and prenatal diagnosis for a pregnant women with growth retardation, severe mental retardation, and a history of adverse pregnancies.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>G-banded chromosome analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and whole genome DNA microarray were used to analyze the patient and her fetus.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The women was found to be a chimera containing two cell lines with 47 and 46 chromosomes, respectively. Both have involved deletion of 18q21.2q23. FISH analysis suggested that the cell line containing 47 chromosomes has harbored a chromosome marker derived from chromosome 15. The marker has contained chromosome 15p involving the SNRPN locus and part of 15q, which gave rise to a karyotype of 47,XX,del18q21.3,+ish mar D15Z1+ SNRPN+[82]/46,XX,del18q21.3[18]. Whole genome DNA microarray confirmed that a 3.044 Mb fragment from 15q11.2q12 was duplicated, which involved NIPA1, SNRPN and other 17 OMIM genes. Duplication of this region has been characterized by low mental retardation, autism, developmental delay. Meanwhile, there was a 17.992 Mb deletion at 18q21.33q23, which contained 39 OMIM genes including TNFRSF11A and PHLPP1. This fragment was characterized by mental retardation, developmental delay, short stature, and cleft palate. Whole genome microarray analysis confirmed that there was a 17.9 Mb deletion at 18q21.33q23, which has been implemented with mental retardation, general growth retardation, short stature, and cleft palate. After genetic counseling, the family decided to terminate the pregnancy at 21st week.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Combined chromosome karyotyping, FISH, and whole genome DNA microarray can determine the origin of marker chromosomes and facilitate delineation of its correlation with the clinical phenotype.</p>

Anencefalia e anomalias congênitas: contribuição do patologista ao Poder Judiciário / Anencephaly and congenital abnormalities: the pathologist’s contribution to Judiciary

O Supremo Tribunal Federal, em 2012, proferiu decisão histórica no bojo da Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental 54, baseando-se na premissa de que somente o feto com capacidade de ser pessoa pode ser sujeito passivo do crime de aborto. O tema é dos mais importantes, pois envolve dignidade, liberdade, autodeterminação e direitos individuais. Decidiu-se que a antecipação terapêutica do parto, nessa situação, não constitui aborto, uma vez que esse tipo penal pressupõe potencialidade de vida extrauterina. Ressalta-se a existência de numerosas síndromes malformativas, também incompatíveis com a vida extrauterina, que devem ser objeto de regulamentação, com base na isonomia. É fundamental o diagnóstico intraútero, além do estudo minucioso do produto da concepção, mediante necropsia realizada por equipe especializada. Importa, ainda, privilegiar o debate e conferir tratamento jurídico semelhante a condições fetais que, embora não tão conhecidas como a anencefalia, acarretam o mesmo impacto social e condições jurídicas análogas...

The Federal Supreme Court of Brazil in 2012 issued a historical decision in the context of Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental – ADPF 54, based on the premise that only the fetus that has the capacity to be a person can be the victim of the crime of abortion. The topic is important because it involves dignity, liberty, self-determination and individual rights. It was decided that performing the delivery earlier, in this situation, is not abortion, because this crime supposes potential for extra-uterine life. In this context, several malformation syndromes are underlined, also incompatible with extra-uterine life, which must be topics for regulations, anchored in isonomy. Intra-uterine diagnosis is essential, as well as the thorough study of the fetus, by the means of necropsy performed by pathologists. It is important, still, to grant equal judicial treatment to fetal conditions which, although not as well known as anencephaly, carry the same social impact and have analogous judicial situation...

La Suprema Corte brasileña ha proferido decisión histórica en el ámbito de Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental – ADPF 54, con basis en la premisa de que solamente el feto con capacidad de ser persona puede ser sujeto pasivo del crimen de aborto. El tema es importante porque envuelve cuestiones como libertad, autodeterminación y derechos individuales. Se ha decidido que la anticipación terapéutica del parto, en esa situación, no constituye aborto, ya que ese tipo penal presupone la potencialidad de vida extrauterina. Se resalta la existencia de diversas síndromes malformativas, incompatibles con la vida extrauterina, que deben tornarse objeto de regulación. Es fundamental hacer diagnóstico intraútero, a parte de un estudio del producto de la concepción, a través de necropsia realizada por equipo de expertos. Es necesario que se haga una discusión del tema y que se de tratamiento jurídico similar a condiciones fetales que resultan en el mismo impacto social y en condiciones jurídicas análogas...

Análisis y reflexiones desde una mirada bioética, en la práctica clínica psiquiátrica, a propósito de un caso / Analysis and reflections from a look bioethics, clinical psychiatric practice, a case report

Los autores proponen reflexionar desde una mirada bioética en la práctica clínica en psiquiatría a propósito de un caso, una paciente portadora de psicosis crónica cursando embarazo con feto incompatible con la vida extrauterina. El paciente con trastorno psiquiátrico grave y con declaración de incapacidad psíquica tiene autonomía y respetarla implica un desafío para el equipo de salud. La autonomía refiere a la capacidad que se les reconoce a las personas de participar en la toma de decisiones. El trastorno psiquiátrico grave y la declaración de incapacidad no suponen la pérdida de derechos como sujetos ni como usuarios de los servicios de salud, como lo establece la Ley 18.335. En el análisis de este caso el principio de autonomía es el más comprometido; la paciente no puede consentir pero puede asentir, tomándose en cuenta su opinión para la toma de decisiones. El asentimiento tiene valor desde el punto de vista bioético pero no desde el punto de vista legal. Los avances en el diagnóstico prenatal nos enfrentan a situaciones nuevas, de implicancia bioética que es necesario conocer para proteger a poblaciones vulnerables (pacientes psiquiátricos, entre otros). Queremos enfáticamente resaltar la figura institucional de los comités de Ética Asistencial y la importancia de su creación en las instituciones que asisten pacientes con patología mental. Urge incorporar la bioética en la formación de los psiquiatras. La interdisciplina se genera como resultado de la tarea clínica de un equipo,que se configura en función del planteo de un problema, el caso clínico planteado.

El aborto eugenésico podría explicar la menor mortalidad infantil existente en Cuba comparada con la de Chile / Eugenic abortion could explain the lower infant mortality in Cuba compared to that in Chile

Background: Cuba and Chile have the lower infant mortality rates of Latin America. Infant mortality rate in Cuba is similar to that of developed countries. Chilean infant mortality rate is slightly higher than that of Cuba. Aim: To investigate if the lower infant mortality rate in Cuba, compared to Chile, could be explained by eugenic abortion, considering that abortion is legal in Cuba but not in Chile. Material and Methods: We compared total and congenital abnormalities related infant mortality in Cuba and Chile during 2008, based on vital statistics of both countries. Results: In 2008, infant mortality rates in Chile were significantly higher than those of Cuba (7.8 vs. 4.7per 1,000 live born respectively, odds ratio (OR) 1.67; 95% confidence intervals (Cl) 1.52-1.83). Congenital abnormalities accounted for 33.8 and 19.2% of infant deaths in Chile and Cuba, respectively. Discarding infant deaths related to congenital abnormalities, infant mortality rate continued to be higher in Chile than in Cuba (5.19 vs. 3.82 per 1000 live born respectively, OR 1.36; 95%CI 1.221.52). Conclusions: Considering that antenatal diagnosis is widely available in both countries, but abortion is legal in Cuba but not in Chile, we conclude that eugenic abortion may partially explain the lower infant mortality rate observed in Cuba compared to that observed in Chile.

Análise das decisões judiciais de aborto de malformações fetais e a problematização do slippery slope / Analysis of legal decisions concerning abortion for fetal malformations and slippery slope problematization

As implicações ético-legais acerca dos pedidos de autorização para interrupção de gravidez no caso de nascituros diagnosticados com malformações fetais incompatíveis com a vida extrauterina têm ganhado bastante respaldo na atualidade, sobretudo frente à recente decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal em relação à descriminalização de aborto envolvendo fetos anencéfalos, abrindo espaço para a discussão quanto às demais malformações. O objetivo deste trabalho é, portanto, analisar os argumentos jurídicos utilizados na decisão supracitada. Pretende-se, ainda, demonstrar as ambiguidades existentes na análise de casos concretos nos acórdãos obtidos nos Tribunal de Justiça da região sul do Brasil, em consonância com a decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Como método, foi realizada uma análise comparativa da jurisprudência regional envolvendo outras malformações incompatíveis com a vida extrauterina. Devemos lembrar que todo ordenamento jurídico, conjunto de leis de um país, tem um papel instrumental de proteção do bem comum. A nosso ver, os argumentos atualmente utilizados pelo Judiciário podem abrir precedentes para novos casos não previstos ou não desejados em circunstâncias análogas

Currently, the ethical and legal implications of the requests for authorization for termination of pregnancy in the case of unborn children diagnosed with fetal malformations incompatible with extrauterine life have gained much support, especially concerning the recent decision that we had in the Supreme Court in relation to the decriminalization of abortion involving anencephalic fetuses, making room for discussion as to other malformations. The aim of this study is therefore to analyze the legal arguments used in the above-mentioned decision. It is also intended to demonstrate the ambiguities in the analysis of concrete cases in the judgments obtained in the Court of Southern Brazil, in line with the decision of the Supreme Court. As a method, we performed a comparative analysis of the regional jurisprudence involving other malformations incompatible with extrauterine life. We must remember that all judicial ordering, the set of laws of a country, has the instrumental role of protecting the common good. In our view, the arguments currently used by the Judiciary can open new precedents for unpredicted or undesired cases in similar circumstances

Aspectos médicos e psicológicos de grávidas portadoras de feto anencefálico / Medical and psychological aspects of pregnant women carrying anencephalic fetus

O presente artigo aborda o fenômeno da anencefalia, malformação fetal caracterizada como incompatível com a vida, a partir das perspectivas médica e psicológica. Trata-se de um tema que tem despertado interesse na Medicina Fetal, dado a necessidade de possibilitar à gestante de feto anencefálico intervenções que minimizem o sofrimento ocasionado por tal diagnóstico. Para tanto, o texto discute a questão da interrupção da gestação nesses casos, apontando posições contrárias e a favor dos procedimentos vigentes na sociedade contemporânea, e que acabam por influenciar a tomada de uma decisão pelos pais, não apenas de maneira cognitiva, mas também psicoemocional. Em seguida, são apresentados os aspectos médicos e psicológicos que envolvem o diagnóstico de anencefalia, bem como possibilidades de intervenção e a importância do acompanhamento multidisciplinar da mulher durante todo o processo, desde o diagnóstico, durante a decisão de interromper ou continuar com a gestação, e até o puerpério

This article addresses the phenomenon of anencephaly, fetal malformation characterized as incompatible with life, from medical and psychological perspectives. It is an issue that has aroused interest in Fetal Medicine, given the need to allow the mother of an anencephalic fetus an intervention to minimize the suffering caused by such diagnosis. The paper discusses the issue of pregnancy termination in these cases, pointing out positions for and against the procedure, that prevail in contemporary society, and ultimately influence a decision by the parents, not just cognitively, but also psychoemotional. Medical and psychological aspects involving the diagnosis of anencephaly are discussed and possibilities of intervention and the importance of multidisciplinary monitoring of women during the entire process, from diagnosis, during the decision to stop or continue with the pregnancy until puerperium

Hidrops fetal no inmune por anemia diseritropoyética congénita / Nonimmune hydrops fetalis by congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia

La anemia diseritropoyética congénita se engloba dentro de un grupo raro y heterogéneo de trastornos eritrocitarios caracterizados por eritropoyesis ineficaz, anemia megaloblástica, hemosiderosis secundaria e hidrops fetal. Presentamos el caso de un feto de 20 semanas con hidrops como consecuencia de una anemia fetal intensa por eritropoyesis ineficaz. Ante el hallazgo de hidrops fetal no inmune es fundamental un diagnóstico etiológico precoz para ofrecer a la pareja las alternativas terapéuticas más adecuadas.

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia is a rare group of heterogeneous disorders characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis, megaloblastic anemia, secondary hemosiderosis and fetal hydrops. We report a case of a 20 week old fetus with hydrops as a consequence of a severe fetal anemia resulting from ineffective erythropoiesis. When non-immune fetal hydrops is found, it is essential an early etiological diagnosis to give the parents the most appropriate therapeutic options.

¿Existe el aborto eugenésico? / Does the eugenic abortion exist?

El aborto eugenésico tiene diferentes significados y connotaciones en el ámbito filosófico, en el médico-asistencial y en el médico-legal. Asistimos por medio de determinadas prácticas y legislaciones a la interrupción del embarazo con distintos fines. Se reflexiona sobre estos procedimientos, en particular, sobre si son abortos eugenésicos o se lleva a cabo una criptoeugenesia.

The eugenic abortion has different meaning and connotations in the philosophical scope, for the welfare doctor and the legal doctor. We attend by means of certain practices and legislations the interruption of the pregnancy with different aims. It is reflected on these procedures on if they are eugenic abortions or criptoeugenesiais carried out one.

A Case of Successful Selective Abortion Using Radio-frequency Ablation in Twin Pregnancy Suffering from Severe Twin to Twin Transfusion Syndrome

Twin to twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is one of the major complication of monochorionic twin pregnancy which is mainly understood by placental vascular anastomosis. Perinatal mortality and morbidity is high as 80-100% if untreated and even higher if the disease is developed at early stage. Variety of methods of isolating or intercepting placental vascular anastomosis are introduced, but they are only available in centers where all the required equipments are prepared. We report here a case of TTTS complicated with severe polyhydroamnios during the second trimester. The blood supply to donor twin was interrupted successfully at 19+2 weeks of gestation by minimally invasive radio-frequency cord ablation, under ultrasound guidance. The normal recipient twin was delivered successfully at 35 weeks of gestation and had no eventful neonatal course.